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为 Ubuntu LTS 安装 HWE 以获取更新的内核与图形支持

gadflysu's Avatar 03/06/2019 linux

本文是一份提示。

TL;DR:

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sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-hwe-18.04

原计划于今年 2 月 7 日发布的 Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS 因 Linux 4.18 内核的一个 bug 推延至 2 月 14 日。(放送旧闻?)Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS 最终伴随着来自 18.10 的内核与图形更新以及其他安全补丁和 bug 修复得以正式发布。此外,Ubuntu 18.04 的生命周期从五年延长至十年,这是 Ubuntu 创始人 Mark Shuttleworth 在去年 11 月的 OpenStack Summit 上宣布的。

Ubuntu LTS enablement(也叫 HWEHardware Enablement)stacks 用于支持不断更新的硬件技术,能够为现存的 Ubuntu LTS 提供更新的内核与图形支持,适用于桌面版、服务器版甚至 Cloud 版和虚拟镜像。

HWE Stacks (i.e. HWE Kernel + X Stack) 随 LTS 的小版本更新(point release,比如最近的 18.04.2)发布,当通过媒介安装新版 Ubuntu LTS 时,HWE 会一并安装,对于正在运行的系统则需要手动安装。为了减轻维护团队的负担,HWE 采用滚动更新的模式。LTS 的第五个(即最后一个)小版本更新时,用户将被要求升级至最后一个 HWE stack 以保留安全更新和 bug 修复的支持。

安装 HWE 只需要执行:

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sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-hwe-18.04

下面是我的安装记录,显示了一些实际即将安装的和移除的包:

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➜  ~ sudo apt install --install-recommends linux-generic-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-hwe-18.04
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
linux-headers-4.13.0-43 linux-headers-4.13.0-43-generic
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
linux-headers-4.18.0-15 linux-headers-4.18.0-15-generic linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04
linux-image-4.18.0-15-generic linux-image-generic-hwe-18.04 linux-modules-4.18.0-15-generic
linux-modules-extra-4.18.0-15-generic xserver-xorg-core-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-input-all-hwe-18.04
xserver-xorg-input-libinput-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-legacy-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-video-all-hwe-18.04
xserver-xorg-video-amdgpu-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-video-ati-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-video-fbdev-hwe-18.04
xserver-xorg-video-intel-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-video-nouveau-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-video-qxl-hwe-18.04
xserver-xorg-video-radeon-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-video-vesa-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-video-vmware-hwe-18.04
Suggested packages:
fdutils linux-hwe-doc-4.18.0 | linux-hwe-source-4.18.0 linux-hwe-tools xfonts-100dpi | xfonts-75dpi
firmware-amd-graphics xserver-xorg-video-r128 xserver-xorg-video-mach64 firmware-misc-nonfree
Recommended packages:
xserver-xorg-input-wacom-hwe-18.04
The following packages will be REMOVED:
xserver-xorg xserver-xorg-core xserver-xorg-input-all xserver-xorg-input-all-hwe-16.04 xserver-xorg-input-evdev
xserver-xorg-input-libinput xserver-xorg-input-synaptics xserver-xorg-input-wacom xserver-xorg-input-wacom-hwe-16.04
xserver-xorg-legacy xserver-xorg-video-all xserver-xorg-video-amdgpu xserver-xorg-video-ati xserver-xorg-video-fbdev
xserver-xorg-video-intel xserver-xorg-video-nouveau xserver-xorg-video-qxl xserver-xorg-video-radeon
xserver-xorg-video-vesa xserver-xorg-video-vmware
The following NEW packages will be installed:
linux-generic-hwe-18.04 linux-headers-4.18.0-15 linux-headers-4.18.0-15-generic linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04
linux-image-4.18.0-15-generic linux-image-generic-hwe-18.04 linux-modules-4.18.0-15-generic
linux-modules-extra-4.18.0-15-generic xserver-xorg-core-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-hwe-18.04
xserver-xorg-input-all-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-input-libinput-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-legacy-hwe-18.04
xserver-xorg-video-all-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-video-amdgpu-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-video-ati-hwe-18.04
xserver-xorg-video-fbdev-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-video-intel-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-video-nouveau-hwe-18.04
xserver-xorg-video-qxl-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-video-radeon-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-video-vesa-hwe-18.04
xserver-xorg-video-vmware-hwe-18.04
0 upgraded, 23 newly installed, 20 to remove and 4 not upgraded.
Need to get 68.1 MB of archives.
After this operation, 324 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

📖 [Ref] Softpedia news | It’s F.O.S.S news | Ubuntu wiki LTSEnablementStack, RollingLTSEnablementStack

Author : gadflysu
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Link to this article : https://blog.gadflysu.com/linux/ubuntu-install-hwe-for-newer-kernel-and-x-support/

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