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为 Ubuntu LTS 安装 HWE 以获取更新的内核与图形支持

gadflysu's Avatar 03/06/2019 linux

本文是一份提示。

TL;DR:

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sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-hwe-18.04

原计划于今年 2 月 7 日发布的 Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS 因 Linux 4.18 内核的一个 bug 推延至 2 月 14 日。(放送旧闻?)Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS 最终伴随着来自 18.10 的内核与图形更新以及其他安全补丁和 bug 修复得以正式发布。此外,Ubuntu 18.04 的生命周期从五年延长至十年,这是 Ubuntu 创始人 Mark Shuttleworth 在去年 11 月的 OpenStack Summit 上宣布的。

Ubuntu LTS enablement(也叫 HWE 或 Hardware Enablement)stacks 用于支持不断更新的硬件技术,能够为现存的 Ubuntu LTS 提供更新的内核与图形支持,适用于桌面版、服务器版甚至 Cloud 版和虚拟镜像。

HWE Stacks (i.e. HWE Kernel + X Stack) 随 LTS 的小版本更新(point release,比如最近的 18.04.2)发布,当通过媒介安装新版 Ubuntu LTS 时,HWE 会一并安装,对于正在运行的系统则需要手动安装。为了减轻维护团队的负担,HWE 采用滚动更新的模式。LTS 的第五个(即最后一个)小版本更新时,用户将被要求升级至最后一个 HWE stack 以保留安全更新和 bug 修复的支持。

安装 HWE 只需要执行:

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sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-hwe-18.04

下面是我的安装记录,显示了一些实际即将安装的和移除的包:

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➜  ~ sudo apt install --install-recommends linux-generic-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-hwe-18.04
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
linux-headers-4.13.0-43 linux-headers-4.13.0-43-generic
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
linux-headers-4.18.0-15 linux-headers-4.18.0-15-generic linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04
linux-image-4.18.0-15-generic linux-image-generic-hwe-18.04 linux-modules-4.18.0-15-generic
linux-modules-extra-4.18.0-15-generic xserver-xorg-core-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-input-all-hwe-18.04
xserver-xorg-input-libinput-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-legacy-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-video-all-hwe-18.04
xserver-xorg-video-amdgpu-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-video-ati-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-video-fbdev-hwe-18.04
xserver-xorg-video-intel-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-video-nouveau-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-video-qxl-hwe-18.04
xserver-xorg-video-radeon-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-video-vesa-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-video-vmware-hwe-18.04
Suggested packages:
fdutils linux-hwe-doc-4.18.0 | linux-hwe-source-4.18.0 linux-hwe-tools xfonts-100dpi | xfonts-75dpi
firmware-amd-graphics xserver-xorg-video-r128 xserver-xorg-video-mach64 firmware-misc-nonfree
Recommended packages:
xserver-xorg-input-wacom-hwe-18.04
The following packages will be REMOVED:
xserver-xorg xserver-xorg-core xserver-xorg-input-all xserver-xorg-input-all-hwe-16.04 xserver-xorg-input-evdev
xserver-xorg-input-libinput xserver-xorg-input-synaptics xserver-xorg-input-wacom xserver-xorg-input-wacom-hwe-16.04
xserver-xorg-legacy xserver-xorg-video-all xserver-xorg-video-amdgpu xserver-xorg-video-ati xserver-xorg-video-fbdev
xserver-xorg-video-intel xserver-xorg-video-nouveau xserver-xorg-video-qxl xserver-xorg-video-radeon
xserver-xorg-video-vesa xserver-xorg-video-vmware
The following NEW packages will be installed:
linux-generic-hwe-18.04 linux-headers-4.18.0-15 linux-headers-4.18.0-15-generic linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04
linux-image-4.18.0-15-generic linux-image-generic-hwe-18.04 linux-modules-4.18.0-15-generic
linux-modules-extra-4.18.0-15-generic xserver-xorg-core-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-hwe-18.04
xserver-xorg-input-all-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-input-libinput-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-legacy-hwe-18.04
xserver-xorg-video-all-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-video-amdgpu-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-video-ati-hwe-18.04
xserver-xorg-video-fbdev-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-video-intel-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-video-nouveau-hwe-18.04
xserver-xorg-video-qxl-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-video-radeon-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-video-vesa-hwe-18.04
xserver-xorg-video-vmware-hwe-18.04
0 upgraded, 23 newly installed, 20 to remove and 4 not upgraded.
Need to get 68.1 MB of archives.
After this operation, 324 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

📖 [Ref] Softpedia news | It’s F.O.S.S news | Ubuntu wiki LTSEnablementStack, RollingLTSEnablementStack

Author : gadflysu
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